In my dealings with JNoSQL recently, I’ve been delving more into the world of modern Jakarta EE/Java EE/J2EE development, particularly the magic land of CDI.
The JEE stack tends to be organized as a collection of specs and implementations, many of which are really independent of each other and the underlying platform, making them pretty portable onto any reasonably-recent JVM. Now that Domino is actually on a reasonably-recent JVM, that makes it a workable target! So I decided to create a side project to bring some of JEE to XPages.
XPages has always been “sort of Java EE” - you don’t really have the full stack, and it’s far behind on the components that it does have, but a lot of the concepts are there. Of particular interest are managed beans and expression language.
CDI and Managed Beans
The XPages stack contains what amounts to a priomordial version of CDI. Since the release of XPages, JSF improved on the original faces-config.xml declaration method to add annotation-based declarations, and then CDI is something of a codification and expansion of that into the full Java world.
My project uses the Weld reference implementation of CDI to create a CDI context for each XPages app that opts in, allowing it to use annotations on classes to declare beans and properties:
@ApplicationScoped
@Named // or @Named("applicationGuy")
public class ApplicationGuy {
public void getFoo() {
return "hello";
}
}
These can then be used like normal managed beans in an XPage:
<xp:text value="#{applicationGuy.foo}"/>
The project’s README contains some further examples.
I went with the Java SE implementation of Weld instead of the pre-built servlet or OSGi packages since those are a little too smart for this use: they pick up on the fact that they’re in a JSF environment, but expect newer versions of the servlet spec and JSF.
Expression Language
Since its original release, EL went through a similar standardization process as CDI and is now at version 3.0 and is distinct from JSP and JSF. As anyone who has tried to call a method on a bean in EL has found out, the XPages EL implementation lags pretty far behind, at the JSF 1.0/1.1 level. Since that time, it sprouted parameters and “projection” and is essentially a tiny scripting language now.
My project uses GlassFish’s EL implementation to outright replace the stock EL interpreter for apps making use of it. I added some affordances to IBM’s customized data support, so it’s intended as a drop-in replacement:
<xp:text value="${dataObjectExample.calculateFoo('some arg')}"/>
<xp:text value="#{el:requestGuy.hello()}"/>
Note the “el:” prefix in the runtime-bound expression: that’s to get around Designer’s validation of runtime EL expressions.
So… Why?
That’s a good question! The first two reasons are “because it’s fun” and “to learn more about JEE”, but there’s also practical value for this sort of thing.
XPages is moribund, and that leaves Domino developers with a few options:
- Go back to LotusScript. The iPad Notes client makes this a terrifyingly-practical option, but it’s soul death.
- Go to JavaScript (or another platform). This is another route HCL is pushing, and it’s entirely valid: Node is a great platform with excellent support and momentum.
- Go to modern Java.
For anyone who has invested a lot of time and brainpower in XPages over the years, that last one particularly appealing, and projects like this can help you get there. If you have a large XPages code base, as I do with one of my clients, it makes a lot more sense to work on that in such a way that it gradually becomes less XPage-dependent while avoiding the trap of a full rewrite in another language.
Many of us have already done something of this sort: JAX-RS is another JEE standard, and the Wink implementation in the Extension Library, though also aging, accomplishes this same sort of task. Especially if your services don’t reference Wink explicitly and write just to the spec, they are very portable.
That portability - of code and skillset - is critical. Say you have a class like this:
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
@Path("/issues")
public class IssuesResource {
@Inject IssueRepository issueRepository;
@GET
@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
public Response get(@QueryParam("category") String category) {
return issueRepository.find(category).stream()
.map(this::doSomething)
.skip(3)
.collect(this::toResponse);
}
// ...
}
Which Java platform is that targetting? What’s the data storage mechanism? Who cares? This class certainly doesn’t. That could just as easily be Domino reading from an NSF or (as is actually the case in the example’s source) Tomcat with Darwino.
What’s Next?
Truthfully, maybe not much. Though JEE contains a whole raft of technologies, these two were the ones that scratch my immediate itch. We’ll see, though - the skill portability of erstwhile XPages developers is critically important, and I think that this is another one of the paths that can get us where we need to go.